Waves, segments, intervals of ECG | How to read an ECG

Watch waves, segments and intervals of ECG..

Do you know the significance of TP segment?

Well for that matter how many waves and intervals of ECG are you aware of ?

Watch this video to learn the physiological correlates of ECG waves, segments and intervals and try to answer these questions...

Clotting pathways

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Neural regulation of respiration

Questions:

Name the respiratory centres in pons and medulla

Briefly describe neural regulation of respiration

Briefly describe J reflex

Chemical control of respiration

Questions:

Briefly describe the chemical control of respiration

Which is the most potent stimulus for peripheral chemoreceptors ?

Which is the physiological stimulus for central chemoreceptors

Transport of gases

Questions:

Oxygen transport

Draw a labelled diagram of Hb oxygen dissociation curve

What are the various factors which affect oxygen dissociation curve .

What is Bohr’s effect ?

What is normal  partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli, in arteries, in veins

What is normal oxygen carrying capacity ?

What is the significance of dissolved oxygen ?

What is the percentage Hb sasturation in arterial and venous blood ?

Carbon dioxide transport

Give the values of PaCO2, and PvCO2

What are the forms in which carbon dioxide is transported in blood ?

What is Haldane's effect ?

Explain the phenomenon of chloride shift.

Diffusion of gases

Questions:

Briefly describe the factors affecting diffusion of gases across respiratory membrane.

Name the various layers of respiratory membrane.

Composition of air and ventilation perfusion mismatch

Questions:

What is the normal barometric pressure at sea level ?

Give the normal values of PaCO2, PaO2, PvCO2, PvO2?

What is the difference between anatomical and physiological dead space?

Both ventilation and perfusion decrease from bottom to top, yet ventilation perfusion ratio increases from bottom to top. Explain

Draw a diagram showing ventilation perfusion ratio from bottom to top in lungs.

Differentiate between pulmonary and alveolar ventilation.

What are the conditions in which ventilation perfusion mismatch can occur?